Many fans and motors in the early 1900’s and maybe late 1800’s were designed to run on 104 volts.
Running a 104 volt fan on modern 120 v will work, but stresses the motor.
The increased voltage also increases the current. 104 -> 120 is a 15% increase. But, this also causes a 15% increase in current. Power = voltage x current. 1.15 x 1.15 = 1.32. So, the higher voltage causes the fan to use 32% greater power (and heat). Not good for a 115 year old rare fan.
Sometimes, I simply plug the fan into the 120 v wall outlet, but only run the fan on Low. This uses the fan’s internal speed coil to drop the voltage down to around 108-112 v, depending on the fan. Relatively safe, but not optimum.
Most collectors say to use a Variac. This is an autotransformer with a knob to set the output voltage. These are big, heavy, and can output voltage that is higher than the input, so accidentally turning the knob up can really stress or damage your fan.
I have a small Variac, made by Superior Electric. It is designed for 115 v input. My house is 122 v. When you set the knob to 104 v, it actually outputs 111 v. Turned fully up, it outputs 143 v. So, to use this on a 104 v fan, you need to set it using a meter and ignore the dial. And, don’t ever turn the knob all the way up.
I tested a KB Dial-a-Temp. $37. It can control the speed, but it is not regulated. With the fan off, it always puts out 120 volts. You can turn the fan on High and adjust it for 104 volts, but when you switch the fan to Low, the load is reduced, the voltage increases, and the fan speed dies not change. And, if the fan has a centrifugal start switch, the extra load during start causes the voltage to drop down into the 80’s, making starting unreliable. It’s a good way to slow down a 1920’s desk fan, but it cannot provide a steady 104 v.
Next up is a UmiPower LX-500C. $63. It is designed to operate Japanese appliances in the US, so it outputs a regulated 100 v, close enough to 104 v to do the job.
This works super well, with no issues, so that is what I’m going to use.